Brazil

Brazil, the largest country in South America, has a diversified economy anchored in agriculture, mining and an export-oriented industrial base. The country is well positioned to benefit from the global shifts to low-carbon economies, given its high share of clean energy and abundant natural resources. However, Brazil also faces environmental challenges, including biodiversity loss and deforestation, which threaten livelihoods and economic stability. Addressing these challenges requires an integrated approach that aligns economic growth with ecological sustainability.

In 2023, the Federal Government launched its Ecological Transformation Plan (ETP), a national strategy to align economic growth with sustainability, boost GDP and jobs, and drive structural economic change. The plan defines six thematic priorities: Circular Economy, Sustainable Finance, Energy Transition, Green Infrastructure, Technological Densification, and Bioeconomy and Agri‑food Systems.

Key national institutions are driving Brazil’s ecological transition, including:

• Ministry of Finance
• Ministry of Industry
• Ministry of Labour and Employment
• Federal University of Rio de Janeiro’s Institute of Economics